Metric Mass Units (mg, g, kg, t)

Learn all metric mass units from milligrams to tonnes and how to convert between them.

Elementary20 min15 problems
Practice Problems

Definition

The metric system measures mass using units based on powers of 10. The main units are:
UnitSymbolEqual To
Milligrammg11000\frac{1}{1000} of a gram
Gramg10001000 milligrams
Kilogramkg10001000 grams
Tonnet10001000 kilograms
Key conversion relationships:
1 g=1000 mg1 \text{ g} = 1000 \text{ mg}
1 kg=1000 g1 \text{ kg} = 1000 \text{ g}
1 t=1000 kg=1,000,000 g1 \text{ t} = 1000 \text{ kg} = 1{,}000{,}000 \text{ g}
The prefix milli- means one-thousandth, and kilo- means one thousand.

Try it now

How many milligrams are in 1 gram?

Worked Examples

A tablet contains 0.50.5 g of medicine. How many milligrams is this?
1

Identify the conversion

11 g =1000= 1000 mg → Multiply by 1000
2

Apply the conversion

0.5×10000.5 \times 1000 → 500500
3

Add the unit

500500 mg → Answer in milligrams

Common Mistakes

Multiplying when you should divide (or vice versa)

Why it's wrong: Going from a smaller unit to a larger unit means you have fewer of them, so you divide.

Correct: Smaller to larger unit = divide. Larger to smaller unit = multiply. Example: g to kg = divide by 1000.

Forgetting that 1 tonne = 1,000,000 grams

Why it's wrong: Students often only remember kg to g conversion and forget the tonne relationship.

Correct: 11 t =1000= 1000 kg, and 1000×1000=1,000,0001000 \times 1000 = 1{,}000{,}000 g

Moving the decimal point the wrong number of places

Why it's wrong: Between mg, g, kg and t the factor is always 1000, so the decimal point moves 3 places, not 1 or 2. A typical slip is writing 2.5 kg = 250 g.

Correct: 2.52.5 kg =2.5×1000=2500= 2.5 \times 1000 = 2500 g: move the decimal point 3 places to the right.

Interactive Visual

Weight Converter

2,500
2.5 kg=2,500 g
Conversion:1 kg = 1,000 g
Metric→Metric

Interactive Sandbox

Expression Calculator

Try these:

History

No calculations yet

Practice Problems

15 problems
Problem 1 of 15
Easy
How many milligrams are in 1 gram?

Why It Matters

Metric mass units are used worldwide for measuring everything from tiny vitamins to massive cargo ships:
  • Medicine: A vitamin pill might contain 500500 mg of vitamin C
  • Cooking: A recipe might call for 250250 g of flour
  • Body weight: An adult might weigh 7070 kg
  • Shipping: A truck might carry 2020 tonnes of cargo
Understanding these units helps you read labels, follow recipes, and make sense of measurements in science and daily life.

Real World Applications

Medicine and Supplements

Medicine doses are often measured in milligrams because the amounts are very small.

Example:

A pain reliever tablet might contain 500500 mg of the active ingredient. That is only 0.50.5 g!

1Try It Yourself

A prescription says to take 250250 mg of medicine three times daily.

How many grams of medicine do you take in one day?

Step 1: Write the mathematical expression

First find total mg: 250×3250 \times 3, then convert to grams

Cooking and Recipes

Recipes use grams for precise measurements, especially in baking.

Example:

A cake recipe needs 250250 g of flour, 200200 g of sugar, and 125125 g of butter.

2Try It Yourself

A recipe calls for 1.51.5 kg of potatoes. You have 800800 g.

How many more grams of potatoes do you need?

Step 1: Write the mathematical expression

Convert 1.51.5 kg to grams, then subtract

Shipping and Transport

Heavy loads are measured in tonnes because kilograms would give very large numbers.

Example:

A shipping container might weigh 2525 tonnes. That is 25,00025{,}000 kg or 25,000,00025{,}000{,}000 g!

3Try It Yourself

A truck can carry up to 55 tonnes. It is loaded with items weighing 2,5002{,}500 kg.

How many more kilograms can the truck carry?

Step 1: Write the mathematical expression

Convert tonnes to kg, then subtract

Key Takeaways

  • 1Metric mass units: milligram (mg), gram (g), kilogram (kg), tonne (t)
  • 2Each unit is 10001000 times the previous: 11 g =1000= 1000 mg, 11 kg =1000= 1000 g, 11 t =1000= 1000 kg
  • 3To convert to a smaller unit, multiply by 10001000
  • 4To convert to a larger unit, divide by 10001000
  • 5Remember: milli = thousandth, kilo = thousand

Frequently Asked Questions

Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is measured in grams or kilograms. Weight is the force of gravity on that mass. On Earth, they are proportional, so we often use them interchangeably.
Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is measured in grams or kilograms. Weight is the force of gravity on that mass. On Earth, they are proportional, so we often use them interchangeably.
These units exist (1 hg = 100 g, 1 dag = 10 g), but most people go straight from grams to kilograms. There are exceptions: in Italy you buy ham by the 'etto' (100 g), in the Netherlands an 'ons' means 100 g, and in Austria shops sell by the 'Deka' (10 g).
No! A metric tonne (t) is 10001000 kg. A US ton (short ton) is about 907907 kg. Always check which unit is being used.

Glossary

Milligram (mg)
One thousandth of a gram. Used for very small masses like medicine doses.
Gram (g)
The unit the other metric mass names are built from (milli-gram, kilo-gram). About the mass of a paperclip.
Kilogram (kg)
One thousand grams. The official base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), used for body weight and medium-sized objects.
Tonne (t)
One thousand kilograms, also called a metric ton. Used for very heavy objects like vehicles.
Prefix
A word part added to the beginning of a unit name to change its value (milli-, kilo-).
Today's challengeOne problem, three tries

More in This Topic

Metric Weight Units (g, kg)

Elementary20 min